Heckler & Koch: The Gray Room, Part I

by
posted on July 15, 2020
** When you buy products through the links on our site, we may earn a commission that supports NRA's mission to protect, preserve and defend the Second Amendment. **
Watch our American Rifleman TV video above to learn about Heckler & Koch’s Gray Room and the designs that established the German-based firearm manufacturer.

Man standing with hands crossed in gray room with guns on walls.

Residing in Ashburn, Va., at the U.S. home of Heckler & Koch (H&K) is The Gray Room, a hidden gem brimming with prototypes and rare examples of H&K’s manufacturing expertise. Rooted in Oberndorf, Germany, H&K has built a worldwide reputation for its design and manufacturing capability.

Photographs of the three men who founded Heckler & Koch firearms company.

Edmund Heckler, Theodor Koch and Alex Seidel, all former Mauser engineers, started in the late 1940s what would become today’s Heckler & Koch. The newly-formed Germany engineering firm quickly morphed from a manufacturer of bicycles, machine tools and sewing machine parts to a firearm builder following an official West German request to product a new rifle for its army's infantry.

Cutaway view drawing of Heckler & Koch's roller-delayed mechanism.

What the Bundeswehr received from the fledgling company is known as the G3, a semi-automatic rifle with Spanish CETME roots that operates via short-recoil operation by way of a roller-locking mechanism. This new and innovative mechanism paved the way for H&K and the success it has earned over its 70+ years of manufacturing history.

Parts diagram for a G3 rifle.

The roller-delayed blowback system was the centerpiece of H&K shoulder-fired small arms production for almost 40 years. During the mid-1960s, production tapered for the G3, which led to the production of the MP5 submachine gun that fired the 9 mm Luger cartridge. The select-fire MP5 pistol is still in use today and commercial, semi-automatic variants are also available.

MP5N cutaway mounted on a gray wall.

As time advanced into the 1970s, H&K was tasked to design a replacement for its previous G3 design. The order was to create a firearm capable of firing caseless ammunition. The result became known to be the G11.

G11 rifle with helmet and ammunition on white background.

Creating the G11 weapon system was a joint effort between H&K, Dynamit Nobel and Hensoldt. Dynamit Nobel supplied the caseless ammunition, and Hensoldt engineered an integrated optic, which doubled as a carry handle. The result was a shoulder-fired arm that featured an ultra-high cyclic rate due to the advanced ammunition design.

Brochure for the G11 rifle and ammunition.

Technical issues of the G11 system slowed development, and the design faded as East and West Germany reunited in the early '90s. The outdated and large G3 rifle system needed refinement and H&K came to market with its G36 to assist the German army with a lightweight firearm that allows its operator to carry more ammunition.

G36 rifle made of clear plastic to view internal mechanisms.

This lightweight gas-operated G36 rifle chambers the smaller and effective 5.56x45 mm NATO cartridge and employs use of a short-recoil gas-operating system that does away with the legacy roller-delayed bolt design in favor of a rotary-bolt locking system.

SP5K pistol close-up view.

Follow along with American Rifleman’s Joe Kurtenbach and his visit with Heckler & Koch’s Grey Room to learn more about the company’s manufacturing history.

Latest

Mossberg Maverick Sa F
Mossberg Maverick Sa F

Mossberg Expands Budget-Priced Maverick Line With Semi-Auto Model

As part of its International family of shotguns, Mossberg announced the introduction of the Maverick SA Semi-Auto, a versatile, value-focused semi-automatic platform built to deliver reliable performance.

New For 2026: Springfield Armory Echelon 4.0FC

Springfield Armory's new Echelon 4.0FC combines the full-size capacity of the full-size Echelon with the compact slide of the company's 4.0C model.

Beretta Celebrates 500 Years In 2026

In 1526, Bartolomeo Beretta received his first order of arquebus barrels. Now the company is celebrating 500 years in business, and the Beretta family is still at the helm.

CVA Does Plinkers: The Cascade Rimfire Series

Known for its extensive line of muzzleloaders, this year, CVA is expanding its cartridge-firing lineup with the introduction of the CVA Cascade Rimfire series of rifles.

Favorite Firearms: A Little Rifle, A Big Gift From Dad

My story starts in a small gun shop in Brewster, Ohio, run by a Korean War veteran out of his garage. He had some nice new guns and sporting goods and a small rack of used guns.

The PR-3AT: KelTec's Magazine-Free .380

At its heart, the KelTec PR-3AT is a compact concealed-carry pistol chambered in .380 ACP that uses the same rotary-barrel and top-loading, magazine-free design as the PR57.

Interests



Get the best of American Rifleman delivered to your inbox.